Mac OS 8
Mac OS 8 |
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DANS CE CHAPITRE :
• Mac OS 8
• Qui peut l'utiliser
• Ce qui a été éliminé
• Bénéfices et nouvelles fonctions
• Comment l'installer
• Problèmes/incompatibilités
• Notes finales
Mac OS 8 est une version majeure du système d'exploitation Macintosh, et en tant que tel doit être acheté s'il n'a pas été fourni avec votre ordinateur (vérifiez auprès d'Apple si une mise à jour gratuite est disponible pour les acheteurs récents d'un Mac). Elle intègre une stabilité et une meilleure vitesse avec des nouvelles fonctionnalités, ainsi qu'une révision complète de "l'appararence" du système.
Mac OS 8 ne fonctionne pas sur autant de machines que les versions précédentes du logiciel Système. Mac OS 8 peut être installé uniquement sur un ordinateur compatible Mac OS qui intègre un processeur PowerPC ou 68040. Il fonctionnera sur un ordinateur PowerBook équipé d'un carte de mise à jour PowerPC, y compris les PowerBook série 200 et 500. Il fonctionnera sur un ordinateur PowerPC équipé d'une carte de mise à jour PowerPC, mais ne s'installera pas sur un ordinateur 68030 avec une carte de mise à jour PowerPC ou un autre Mac mis à jour en 68040.
Devez-vous faire la mise à jour ? A mon avis, Mac OS 8 est indispensable pour tout ordinateur PowerPC. La stabilité grandement améliorée et le code natif PowerPC ajouté valent largement le coup. D'un autre côté, les utilisateurs de Mac 68040 verront avantage dans la nouvelle interface utilisateur et le Finder "multithread" (voir ci-dessous). Si vous avez un Mac 68040, c'est à vous de faire le choix ; Je suggèrerais d'essayer Mac OS 8 sur l'ordinateur d'un ami durant quelques temps pour vous décider si la mise à jour est valable ou pas.
Les utilisateurs disposant de peu de RAM devront réflechir soigneusement avant de faire la mise à jour. Personnellement, je recommande de disposer d'au moins 24 à 32 Mo de RAM si vous désirez installer Mac OS 8 (il s'agit cependant d'une recommandation personnelle, de nombreux utilisateurs se déclarant satisfaits avec 16 Mo de RAM). A l'heure où j'écris ces lignes, la RAM est relativement peu couteuse. Ajouter de la RAM ne permet pas seulement de lancer plus d'applications en même temps, mais améliore également la stabilité du système.
L'installeur de Mac OS 8 détruit automatiquement les fichiers listés ci-dessous, à moins que vous les ayez renommé, auquel cas vous devriez les supprimer à la main. Les améliorations apportées par ces fichiers ont été intégrées au fichier System lui-même, ou les problèmes qui nécessitaient la présence de ces fichiers ont été corrigés.
• Toutes les extensions et pilotes d'imprimantes GX/QuickDraw GX : l'impression via QuickDraw GX n'est plus supportée.
• Apple Location Mgr GA (mixin Apple Guide )
• Compléments Guide AppleVision (mixin Apple Guide )
• Audio Volume Extension (extension)
• Majuscules (extension) : intégré au Finder
• CFM-68K RunTime Enabler: intégré au fichier System
• Couleur (tableau de bord) : intégré au tableau de bord Apparence
• Extension Services d'impression (extension) : intégré au Finder
• Compléments Guide Gestionnaire (mixin Apple Guide )
• Suivi Partage de fichiers (tableau de bord) : intégré au tableau de bord "Partage de fichiers"
• Extension Recherche (extension) : intégré au fichier System
• Aide Finder (document) : intégré au Guide Apple
• Familles (tableau de bord) : intégré dans la zone de dialogue des préférences du Finder
• Object Support Lib v1.2 (bibliothèque) : la version 1.2.1 est intégrée au fichier System
• Gestion Power Manager (extension) : intégré au fichier System
• Gestion MV PB1400/MacOS 7.6 (extension) : intégré au fichier System
• Réglages partage de fichiers (tableau de bord) : intégré au tableau de bord Partage de fichiers
• Raccourcis clavier (mixin Apple Guide) : intégré au Guide Apple
• Gestionnaire audio v3.2.1 (extension) : intégré au fichier System
• Sound/Monitors Guide Additions (mixin Apple Guide)
• Speech Guide Additions (mixin Apple Guide)
• StdCLib (bibliothèque) : intégré au fichier System
• ThreadManager (v2.1.5) (extension) : intégré au fichier System
• Contrôle Trackpad (extension) : intégré au fichier System
• Présentations (tableau de bord) : intégré dans la zone de dialogue des préférences du Finder et dans la zone de dialogue des Options de présentation.
• Fenêtres (tableau de bord) : intégré au tableau de bord Apparence
• WorldScript Power Adaptor (extension) : intégré au fichier System
• De multiples "extensions du Finder" (extensions qui rajoutent des fonctionnalités au Finder) :
o Catalogs Extension (extension) : PowerTalk est incompatible avec OS 8
o Extension extrait (extension) : intégré au Finder
o Extension Services d'impression (extension) : intégré au Finder
o Extension Finder pilotable (extension) : intégré au Finder
o Mail Folders Extension: PowerTalk est incompatible avec OS 8
o Mailbox Extension: PowerTalk est incompatible avec OS 8
o Extension Réseau (extension) : intégré au fichier System
o Extension PC Card (extension) : intégré au fichier System
De plus, sur les Mac 68040, les bibliothèques partagées CFM-68K suivantes ont été intégrées au fichier System ; aucune d'entre elle (à l'exception d'AppleScriptLib) ne doit être installée sur un Power Mac, étant donné qu'elles sont destinées à l'implémentation 680x0 du système CFM (AppleScriptLib est toujours nécessaire sur les Power Mac).
• AppleGuideGlueLib.68k
• AppleScriptLib
• CollectionsLib
• ColorSyncLib68K
• DragLib
• FoldersLib
• InterfaceLib
• NuDragLib.slb (v1.1)
• NuQuickTimeLib.slb (v2.0.1)
• NuThreadsLib.slb (v2.1.1)
• NuTranslationLib .slb (v1.0.1)
• ObjectSupportLib
• QuickDraw™ GX Enabler (v1.1.4) NOTE : l'impression GX ne fonctionne plus sous OS 8 et ultérieur.
• QuickTimeLib
• StdCLib
• ThreadsLib
• Translation
Mac OS 8 comprend les nouvelles fonctionnalités et améliorations suivantes :
• Un Finder multi-thread qui permet à l'utilisateur de lancer plusieurs opérations en même temps, comme copier des fichiers, vider la Corbeille, ouvrir des fenêtres, et manipuler des fichiers et dossiers.
• Plus de code natif PowerPC pour le Finder et le fichier System, ce qui améliore de manière significative les tâches du Finder sur les ordinateurs Power PC.
• Menus contextuels, permettant à l'utilisateur de lancer des opérations spécifiques dans certaines situations selon le "contexte" de l'action qui a fait appel au menu.
• Une nouvelle interface au look "platine" pour le système d'exploitation.
• Meilleures performances de la mémoire virtuelle en supprimant le code 24-bit et d'autres morceaux de code "périmé", et en optimisant le code source de la mémoire virtuelle.
• Temps d'exécution des AppleScript plus rapides.
• Faster application launch and re-launch times.
• A faster startup process.
• Many more of the standard Apple "tableau de bords" are now AppleScript-able.
• The "About This Computer..." window now displays the total amount of memory used by the application's memory partition and the temporary memory allocated by the application.
• Under Mac OS 7.6/7.6.1, the command-shift-3 and command-shift-4 screen capture key combinations would not work if At Ease was installed but not active. This no longer occurs under Mac OS 8.
• "Simple Finder" preference that presents limited Finder menu choices for the beginning user.
• The addition of the Mac OS Setup Assistant to allow for quick entry of all important operating system settings, such as date, time, daylight savings time, text, name, organization, geographic location & time zone, Simple vs. Standard Finder preferences, computer name and AppleShare password, File Sharing, and printer/network type.
• Elimination of all "Finder Extensions" (those which add functionality to the Finder itself). These include all PowerTalk extensions, the Clipping Extension, Desktop Printer Extension, Finder Scripting Extension, Network Extension, and the PC Card Extension. The functionality of these files has been incorporated into the Finder itself.
• The ability to view icons as "buttons."
NOTES:
• You must have AppleTalk turned ON before intalling Mac OS 8 from CD. If it is turned off, an error message may appear during the startup process that states "Sorry, a system error has occurred. Bus Error Type 11. Restart with shift key held down." This error occurs because the OS 8 Install CD expects AppleTalk to be turned on. This is important because if you "zap" the PRAM or if you have a dead motherboard battery, your AppleTalk settings will revert to "OFF." The workaround for this problem is to startup from your normal hard drive, activate AppleTalk, then restart with the CD in the drive, holding down the "c" key to startup from the CD (on some computers, "c" does not work; you must press command - option - shift - delete instead). If you are having trouble turning on AppleTalk, a possible workaround is to reboot holding down the "c" key to start from the CD; as soon as you see the MacOS startup screen, release the "c" key and hold down the shift key to turn extensions off; this will prevent Open Transport/AppleTalk from loading at all.
• If you are using a non-Apple CD-ROM drive (this would mainly apply to Macintosh "clone" computers), you may not be able to startup your computer using the Mac OS 8 CD. If this is the case, you will need to create a new "Disk Tools" disk which will allow your computer to read from the CD-ROM drive. For instructions on how to do this, you should visit the Apple Tech Info Library (see the link in the "Resources" chapter) and search for article #30346.
• Some Performa or PowerMac 5200, 5300, 6200, and 6300 series computers cannot install Mac OS 8 until they have a potential hardware problem fixed. To test if your computer has this hardware problem, use the 5xxx/6xxx Tester utility in the "Utilities" folder on the Mac OS 8 Install CD. This problem does not affect the Performa 5260, 6320 or 6360.
• If you run the Mac OS 8 installer on a PowerBook G3 and choose "Custom Install" or "Custom Remove," the PowerBook G3 Installer will automatically run afterwards to make sure that the System software necessary for the PowerBook G3 remains on the computer.
• Some users have reported that if you have a folder named "Internet" at the root level of your hard drive, the Mac OS 8 installer will replace it with a folder of the same name which contains Mac OS 8's Internet resources. If you do have such a folder at the root level, you should either rename it or move it into another folder.
• The Mac OS 8 installer will only run under System 7.0 or later, so if you have a 68040 Mac running any version of System 6, you will have to install some version of System 7.x first
• On Performa computers, the Mac OS 8 installers do not install GeoPort software or most third-party software which came bundled on the Performa product line. You must perform a clean installation of the original bundled software, then install Mac OS 8.
• If you have "clock-chipped" your Macintosh to run faster than its "official" speed, the OS 8 installer may not be able to figure out which model it is being run on, and will not function properly. You may need to un-accelerate your Mac, install Mac OS 8, then re-install the clock-chipping accessories.
• If you are using non-Apple hard disk drivers on your computer (i.e., FWB HardDisk Toolkit, Charismac, APS PowerTools, etc.), make sure you update your drivers to versions compatible with OS 8. If you are unsure if the versions you have are compatible, contact the manufacturer of the drivers.
• Under OS 8, the "Views" settings are set for each and every window individually, rather than globally as it is under OS 7.6.1 and earlier. If you have global settings you prefer which differ from the Apple defaults, you should set them before installing Mac OS 8. OS 8 will use these settings as the default settings for all folders after installation.
• The Mac OS Installer will fail if you have a folder that has the same name as a file it is attempting to install (e.g., "MoviePlayer" or "SimpleText").
• Since PowerTalk is not compatible with Mac OS 8, after installation you will not be able to access your PowerTalk mail or catalogs.
1) Write down your TCP/IP settings; the Internet Setup Assistant will ask you for this information after installation. If you are using MacTCP, write down all of your current settings for later entry into OT/PPP. If you are using OT/PPP and are performing a "clean" install, you should "export" your settings to be imported later.
2) Turn off any disk/computer security software.
3) If you are installing over a network, make sure you are running AppleShare 3.6.4 or newer.
4) If you are installing on a PowerBook, make sure the PowerBook is plugged in and set to "never sleep." NOTE : you cannot install System software onto a PowerBook in SCSI disk mode.
5) Start up your Mac using the Mac OS 8 CD-ROM or the "Install Me First" floppy.
6) Run the "Install Mac™ OS" program on the CD and follow all of the steps.
7) Choose which software you would like the installer to install. You can get info on each software package, to decide if you want it, by clicking the buttons on the right-hand side of the installer box. NOTE : if you would like to do a "custom" install, click on the "Customize" button. If you would like to do a "clean" install, click on the "Options..." button.
8) Install the software.
9) After restarting your computer and booting from the new Mac OS 8, open the Memory tableau de bord and click the "Use Defaults" button at the bottom. This will set your disk cache to the optimal level for Mac OS 8. Setting the disk cache much higher or lower than this amount will result is noticeably degraded performance.
The following are known problems with Mac OS 8.1:
• The Appearance Extension MUST be installed in order for your computer to start up under OS 8. If you remove it from your System Folder, your computer will not be able to start up, and you will have to boot/startup from another disk. Note that starting with extensions "off" by holding the shift key down at startup will NOT cause the Appearance Extension to be disabled; it will load anyway for this very reason, even if it is in the Extensions (Disabled) folder.
• QuickDraw GX printing and PowerTalk are no longer supported.
• If you are running a Workgroup Server 7350 or 9650, you must download the Workgroup Server Mac OS 8 Update package to ensure compatibility.
• Under OS 8, if you have installed OT/PPP, and subsequently install ARA 2.1, you will have to install OT/PPP again, as ARA 2.1 will replace the newer OT/PPP files with older versions.
• After installing Mac OS 8, check your Extensions folder for "ObjectSupportLib." If it is present, get rid of it. As I note above, it is built into the System file under OS 8 and later. Having it installed as a separate file can actually cause problems.
• If you use Norton Utilities on your Mac, you must update/upgrade to version 3.5.1 or later for use with Mac OS 8.
• The Desktop Printer Extension is no longer necessary under Mac OS 8; if it is installed, it may cause your computer to crash at startup.
• If you have a PowerMac G3 which came with an Ultra Wide SCSI internal hard drive, 10/100Base-T Ethernet card, and/or 128-bit2D/3D professional graphics card with 8 Mo of VRAM, you may have to manually install the drivers/software for those options after re-installing MacOS 8.
• If you install OS 8 on a PowerBook 190, 190cs or 5300cs, the display may come up blank the first time you restart after installation. The reason this happens is that the power manager on the PowerBook is being updated. Restart a second time, or shutdown and then startup again, and the display should return to normal. To shut down the PowerBook safely, press the Power button one time (which brings up the shutdown dialog box), then press the Return key.
• Mac OS 8 installs Appearance Extension 1.0. Some applications install Appearance Extension v1.0.2. If you have v1.0.2 installed, and try to double-click on the System file, you will get an error message stating that the System file is damaged. It turns out that this is a bug caused by v1.0.2, and the System file really isn't damaged. Selon Apple, if you need to add or remove items from the System suitcase (sounds, keyboard layouts, etc.), you should duplicate the System file, open it and make the desired changes, then close the copy of the System. Drag the original System file to the trash, rename the copy of the System file "System" and make sure it is at the root level of the System Folder, then restart. When the computer has finished booting up, empty the trash to delete the old System file.
• There is a bug in Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 8.1 which affects the way fonts display in certain applications. The bug is found in the Appearance Extension provided with the System software. If you experience missing spaces, incorrect copy-and-paste results, characters not displaying properly, or problems with the way the cursor appears when using certain applications, you may be experiencing this problem. This bug was first noticed in Wolfram Research's Mathematica. There is a patch available from Wolfram at ftp://ftp.wolfram.com/pub/outgoing/Support/AppearancePatch/ which supposedly fixes this problem. NOTE : if the Appearance Extension is enabled, the patcher supposedly only works on Appearance Extension v1.0; it will work on v1.0.1 only if the extension is not loaded at startup. It will not update v1.0.2. NOTE : according to users, Wolfram's Appearance Extension patcher supposedly also fixes problems with text spacing in Microsoft Office 98, McComCenter Plus 2.1, Extensions Manager.
• Those running any of the Apple Language Kits must download the appropriate Mac OS 8-compatible updater in order to use the Kit under OS 8.
• Under OS 8, some tableau de bords cannot be enabled for use under At Ease. If you wish to change settings from these tableau de bords, you must do it while running the standard Finder, then restart under At Ease.
• Selon Apple, some programs will not run if the System font (set in the Appearance tableau de bord) is set to anything but Chicago.
• Under OS 8 and later, some applications may require more memory to run than they did under OS 7.6.1 and earlier. If a program refuses to run or is not as stable after installing Mac OS 8, increase the application's memory allocation by 200K or 300K (via the "Get Info" command in the Finder).
• If you have a 68040 Macintosh, do not install the Apple Telecom software included with Mac OS 8. This version of the Apple Telecom software is PowerPC-only.
• The hard disk drivers installed by the OS 8 installer are not compatible with 68000 computers (Classic, SE, Plus, Portable or PowerBook 100). If you have an external hard disk which is used on both a Mac OS 8 computer and a 68000 computer, be sure not to update the hard disk drivers on that drive to the version shipping with Mac OS 8.
• You cannot select multiple items in a "Find File" results window and drag them to the trash. You must drag them to the trash one at a time.
Dans InformINIT, les éléments installés UNIQUEMENT par Mac OS 8.1 sont indiqués par OS8. Les éléments "officiellement" compatibles avec Mac OS 8.1 sont indiqués par COMPATIBLE MAC OS 8. Si un élément n'est pas indiqué comme étant compatible Mac OS 8, cela ne signigie pas forcément qu'il n'est pas compatible (à moins qu'une incompatibilité ne soit clairement indiquée). Ceci signifie seulement que je n'ai pas été capable de vérifier sa compatibilité. Il peut très bien marcher, mais utilisez-le à vos risques et périls...
SPEED ENHANCEMENTS: it has been suggested that the following steps will help make your computer appear faster under OS 8:
• Open the "Memory" tableau de bord and click "Use Defaults" to set the disk cache to its optimal level. OS 8 is the first MacOS that uses the "default" setting in the Memory tableau de bord effectively. It will set your cache to the optimal setting. OS 8 appears very slow when the cache is set too low, and ALSO when it is set too high.
• Open the "Appearance" tableau de bord, click "Options" and then select Chicago as the System Font and uncheck the "System-wide platinum appearance" box.
• In the "General Controls" tableau de bord, uncheck the "Protect System Folder" and "Protect Applications folder" buttons.
Le résumé ci-dessus est fondé sur les problèmes les plus courants rencontrés par les utilisateurs. Pour une meilleure description des problèmes liés à Mac OS 8.1, consultez le site MacFixIt de Ted Landau, dans la partie "Troubleshooting System 8.1" à:
http://www.macfixit.com/reports/macos8.shtml
Par ailleurs, le site de Macintouch propose un très bon rapport sur les bugs et problèmes de compatibilité de Mac OS 8.1 à :
http://www.macintouch.com/m8compat.php
Merci à la Tech Info Library d'Apple pour avoir fourni certaines des informations de ce chapitre.
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